The automotive world anticipates the potential re-emergence of a classic nameplate, speculated for the 2025 model year. Such a revival would represent a significant event for enthusiasts of American muscle cars, potentially injecting new energy into the segment.
Bringing back an iconic vehicle presents opportunities to blend heritage with modern technology. A reimagined version could leverage advancements in engine performance, safety features, and overall vehicle design, attracting both nostalgic buyers and a new generation of drivers.
The following sections will delve into specific aspects surrounding this automotive possibility, examining potential design elements, powertrain options, market competition, and the broader implications for the automotive industry.
1. Anticipated Release Year
The “Anticipated release year” is a central point of conjecture surrounding the “new chevelle 2025.” It acts as a temporal anchor, shaping expectations, influencing design choices, and dictating the technological landscape within which such a vehicle would operate. Understanding the implications of this year is essential to evaluating the potential feasibility and impact of the vehicle.
-
Technological Readiness
The year 2025 presents a specific technological environment. Electric vehicle infrastructure, advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS), and connectivity features will likely be more mature and widespread than in previous years. Any “new chevelle” iteration would need to incorporate these advancements to remain competitive. Failure to do so would render it technologically obsolete upon release. This timeline dictates that integration of advanced technologies is not optional, but crucial.
-
Regulatory Compliance
Automotive regulations concerning emissions, safety, and fuel economy are continuously evolving. The 2025 target year places the vehicle squarely within a specific regulatory framework. Manufacturers must adhere to these standards, impacting engine design, vehicle weight, and material selection. These regulatory pressures can affect the overall performance characteristics and price point of the vehicle. For example, meeting stricter emission standards could necessitate hybrid or fully electric powertrain options.
-
Market Trends and Competition
The automotive market is dynamic, with shifting consumer preferences and evolving competitive landscapes. Setting 2025 as the target launch year necessitates anticipating the competitive environment at that time. This involves analyzing competitor product cycles, monitoring emerging trends in vehicle segments, and understanding the prevailing consumer tastes. Releasing a vehicle into an already crowded market segment requires a differentiated value proposition to achieve success.
-
Manufacturing Feasibility and Lead Times
Bringing a vehicle to market requires significant lead times for design, engineering, testing, and manufacturing preparation. Announcing a 2025 release date implies that these processes are already underway or are scheduled to commence shortly. Supply chain considerations, production capacity, and tooling requirements must all be addressed well in advance. Delays in any of these areas could jeopardize the projected release year, impacting brand reputation and potentially creating financial repercussions.
In essence, the “Anticipated release year” serves as more than just a date; it represents a confluence of technological possibilities, regulatory constraints, market pressures, and manufacturing realities. The successful introduction of a “new chevelle 2025” hinges on effectively navigating these interwoven factors, ensuring the vehicle aligns with the demands and expectations of that specific timeframe.
2. Possible design cues
The integration of “Possible design cues” into a “new chevelle 2025” is paramount to evoking brand recognition and capturing the essence of its heritage. These cues, drawn from previous generations, serve as visual links to the vehicle’s storied past, while also needing to be updated to align with contemporary design trends.
-
Silhouette and Proportions
The overall shape and dimensions of the vehicle are fundamental in establishing its visual identity. A long hood, short deck profile, characteristic of classic muscle cars, could be reinterpreted with modern aerodynamic refinements. Examples of successful modern interpretations include the Dodge Challenger and Ford Mustang, both of which borrow heavily from their predecessors’ silhouettes. Maintaining similar proportions would instantly signal the vehicle’s lineage.
-
Front Fascia and Grille Design
The front end is often the most recognizable feature of a vehicle. Incorporating design elements such as a split grille, distinctive headlight shapes, or a pronounced power bulge in the hood can immediately evoke a sense of familiarity. The 1969 Chevelle, for instance, is renowned for its aggressive front-end styling. A modern adaptation might involve LED lighting and subtle aerodynamic enhancements while retaining the overall character.
-
Rear Styling and Taillight Configuration
The rear of the vehicle provides another opportunity to pay homage to past designs. Horizontal taillights, a sculpted rear decklid, and a prominent bumper are all potential design elements. The circular taillights of the earlier Chevelle models or the elongated rectangular lights of the later generations could serve as inspiration. These design cues must be executed with a modern aesthetic to avoid appearing retro or dated.
-
Interior Elements and Detailing
While the exterior design carries significant weight, interior elements also contribute to the overall aesthetic. A driver-focused cockpit, bucket seats, and a prominent center console are features associated with performance vehicles. Analog gauges, a classic steering wheel design, or even specific upholstery patterns could serve as subtle nods to the past. However, these elements need to be balanced with modern conveniences such as advanced infotainment systems and digital displays.
Successfully integrating “Possible design cues” requires a careful balance between honoring the past and embracing the future. A “new chevelle 2025” must capture the spirit of its predecessors while offering a contemporary design that appeals to modern consumers, avoiding a mere replica of a classic.
3. Potential powertrain options
The selection of “Potential powertrain options” is a critical determinant of performance, efficiency, and market appeal for a “new chevelle 2025”. These options represent the technological heart of the vehicle and must align with both consumer expectations and regulatory requirements.
-
Internal Combustion Engines (ICE)
A traditional approach would involve offering gasoline-powered engines, likely with forced induction to enhance performance. Examples include turbocharged four-cylinder engines or larger displacement V6 or V8 configurations. ICE options provide familiar driving dynamics and a readily available refueling infrastructure. However, these options may face challenges in meeting increasingly stringent emissions standards, potentially limiting their long-term viability.
-
Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV)
Integrating a hybrid powertrain combines a gasoline engine with an electric motor and battery pack. This arrangement allows for improved fuel economy and reduced emissions, while still providing adequate performance. A mild-hybrid system could offer regenerative braking and electric assist, while a full-hybrid system would enable short-distance electric-only driving. HEV technology represents a compromise between traditional ICE vehicles and fully electric options.
-
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV)
A plug-in hybrid takes the hybrid concept a step further by offering a larger battery pack and the ability to recharge from an external power source. This enables a longer electric driving range, further reducing fuel consumption and emissions. PHEVs offer a greater degree of electrification than standard hybrids, appealing to consumers seeking to minimize their environmental impact while retaining the flexibility of a gasoline engine.
-
Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV)
A fully electric powertrain eliminates the internal combustion engine entirely, relying solely on electric motors and batteries. This option offers zero tailpipe emissions and the potential for high performance due to the instant torque delivery of electric motors. However, BEVs are currently limited by battery range, charging infrastructure availability, and charging times. The viability of a BEV powertrain for a “new chevelle” iteration depends on advancements in battery technology and the expansion of charging infrastructure by 2025.
Ultimately, the choice of “Potential powertrain options” will significantly impact the positioning and success of a “new chevelle 2025”. The selected powertrains must balance performance, efficiency, cost, and regulatory compliance while appealing to a target demographic that values both heritage and modern technology.
4. Target Market Segment
Defining the “Target market segment” is a foundational step in the development of any new vehicle. For a “new chevelle 2025”, this process is particularly crucial given the heritage of the nameplate and the evolving demographics of the automotive market. Understanding the intended customer base dictates design choices, powertrain options, marketing strategies, and ultimately, the success of the vehicle.
-
Nostalgic Enthusiasts
This segment comprises individuals who have a pre-existing affinity for the Chevelle and other classic muscle cars. They are often older, possess disposable income, and value authenticity and heritage. A “new chevelle 2025” targeting this group would need to incorporate design cues and performance characteristics reminiscent of the original models. Marketing efforts should emphasize the vehicle’s historical connection and evoke a sense of nostalgia. However, this segment is also discerning, demanding modern technology and reliability without sacrificing the character of the classic Chevelle.
-
Performance-Oriented Drivers
This group prioritizes driving experience and vehicle performance. They seek powerful engines, responsive handling, and advanced technological features that enhance the driving experience. A “new chevelle 2025” aimed at this segment would need to offer high-performance powertrain options, such as turbocharged engines or electric powertrains with impressive acceleration. Marketing campaigns should highlight the vehicle’s performance metrics and capabilities on both the street and the track. This segment is less concerned with historical accuracy and more focused on cutting-edge technology and performance figures.
-
Younger Car Enthusiasts
Appealing to younger buyers requires a different approach. This demographic is more attuned to contemporary styling, advanced technology, and environmental consciousness. A “new chevelle 2025” targeting this group would need to offer modern design aesthetics, advanced infotainment systems, and potentially hybrid or electric powertrain options. Marketing should focus on the vehicle’s modern features, technological capabilities, and environmental credentials. This segment is more likely to be drawn to innovative features and a vehicle that aligns with their values.
-
Everyday Drivers Seeking Style
This segment is characterized by consumers who are looking for a stylish and capable vehicle for daily use. While performance is a consideration, practicality, comfort, and fuel efficiency are also important factors. A “new chevelle 2025” targeting this group would need to balance performance with everyday usability, offering features such as comfortable seating, ample cargo space, and a user-friendly infotainment system. Marketing should emphasize the vehicle’s versatility and suitability for daily driving.
Effectively targeting the “Target market segment” requires a nuanced understanding of consumer preferences and a strategic approach to product development and marketing. A “new chevelle 2025” must cater to the desires of its intended audience while upholding the heritage of the Chevelle nameplate, a complex balancing act crucial for commercial success.
5. Expected performance metrics
The anticipation surrounding a “new chevelle 2025” inherently centers on its “Expected performance metrics”. These metrics, encompassing horsepower, torque, acceleration times, handling capabilities, and braking performance, directly influence the vehicle’s appeal and competitiveness within its market segment. Performance serves as a key differentiator and a tangible representation of the technological advancements incorporated into the vehicle. For example, a potential 0-60 mph acceleration time under 4 seconds would place the hypothetical vehicle within the realm of high-performance sports cars, setting a specific expectation level.
Considerations for “Expected performance metrics” extend beyond raw power. Fuel efficiency, a crucial factor in modern vehicle design, significantly impacts the practicality and long-term ownership costs. Moreover, handling characteristics, such as cornering grip and steering responsiveness, contribute to the overall driving experience and safety. A powerful engine paired with inadequate handling would diminish the vehicle’s appeal. The integration of advanced technologies, such as adaptive suspension and electronic stability control, plays a crucial role in achieving a balance between performance and safety. Successful execution relies on the effective integration of these interconnected elements.
In summation, “Expected performance metrics” are intrinsic to the identity and market positioning of a “new chevelle 2025”. These metrics represent the culmination of engineering efforts, design choices, and technological advancements. Failing to meet or exceed performance expectations would undermine the vehicle’s value proposition and potentially diminish its legacy. The ultimate success depends on achieving a harmonious blend of performance, efficiency, and driving dynamics that aligns with the desires and expectations of the target consumer base.
6. Likely pricing strategy
The establishment of a “Likely pricing strategy” is a pivotal decision in the potential launch of a “new chevelle 2025”. The price point will directly impact market acceptance, influence sales volume, and determine the vehicle’s competitive positioning within the automotive landscape.
-
Market Segmentation and Competition
The pricing must reflect the identified target market segment. Positioning the vehicle against competitors such as the Ford Mustang, Dodge Challenger, or other performance coupes requires a careful analysis of their pricing structures and feature sets. Undercutting competitors might attract initial sales volume, but could devalue the brand perception. Conversely, a premium price point necessitates a demonstrably superior product offering, justifying the higher cost to consumers.
-
Production Costs and Profit Margins
Manufacturing expenses, including material costs, labor, and assembly, significantly influence the pricing floor. The manufacturer must establish realistic profit margins that ensure long-term financial viability without pricing the vehicle out of reach for the target demographic. Innovative production techniques and strategic sourcing of components can mitigate costs, allowing for a more competitive price point.
-
Feature Content and Technology
The level of standard and optional equipment directly impacts the perceived value and justifiable price. Advanced technologies, such as adaptive suspension, advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS), and premium infotainment systems, add to the production cost but also enhance the vehicle’s appeal. Striking a balance between essential features and desirable upgrades is crucial in determining the final price point.
-
Brand Perception and Heritage
The Chevelle name carries a legacy and a certain level of brand recognition. This heritage can be leveraged to justify a higher price, particularly among nostalgic enthusiasts. However, relying solely on brand cachet without delivering a product that meets modern expectations could lead to disappointment and diminished sales. The pricing must align with the overall brand image and the perceived value proposition offered by the “new chevelle 2025”.
The “Likely pricing strategy” represents a delicate equilibrium between market realities, production costs, feature content, and brand perception. A well-defined pricing strategy is essential for securing a successful launch and establishing a sustainable presence within the competitive automotive market. Misjudging the price point could have severe consequences, hindering sales and potentially jeopardizing the long-term prospects of the vehicle.
7. Key competitors
Identifying the “Key competitors” is a critical step in evaluating the potential market success of a “new chevelle 2025”. Understanding the existing landscape of comparable vehicles allows for strategic product differentiation and targeted marketing efforts.
-
Ford Mustang
The Ford Mustang represents a direct competitor due to its historical significance, performance-oriented models, and broad market appeal. The Mustang offers a range of engine options, from turbocharged four-cylinder engines to powerful V8s, mirroring the potential powertrain strategies for a “new chevelle”. The Mustang’s success in blending classic design cues with modern technology provides a benchmark for any prospective competitor. Its established customer base and extensive aftermarket support pose a significant challenge.
-
Dodge Challenger
The Dodge Challenger occupies a unique position as a modern muscle car with a focus on retro styling and high-performance variants. Its bold design and powerful Hemi engines cater to enthusiasts seeking a visceral driving experience. A “new chevelle 2025” would need to differentiate itself from the Challenger’s established identity, either through more advanced technology, a more refined driving experience, or a different design philosophy. The Challenger’s focus on raw power and classic aesthetics sets a clear competitive target.
-
Chevrolet Camaro
Given that Chevelle is also a Chevrolet product, the Camaro is a key competitor. Although it may no longer be in production, it represent the in-house rivalry the new product may come across. The Camaro provides a valuable reference point for understanding Chevrolet’s design and engineering capabilities in the performance coupe segment. Any “new chevelle 2025” would need to offer a distinct value proposition compared to the Camaro, potentially by appealing to a different demographic or emphasizing different performance characteristics. The internal competition ensures a high level of product differentiation.
-
BMW 4 Series/Audi A5 (Performance Trims)
While traditionally considered in a different category, high-performance versions of vehicles such as the BMW 4 Series and Audi A5 can represent a competitive threat. These vehicles offer a blend of performance, luxury, and advanced technology that appeals to a discerning buyer. A “new chevelle 2025” aiming for a broader market appeal would need to demonstrate comparable levels of refinement and technological sophistication, challenging the established dominance of these European competitors in the premium performance segment.
Analyzing these “Key competitors” provides valuable insights into the dynamics of the performance coupe market. A “new chevelle 2025” must differentiate itself through a unique combination of design, performance, technology, and pricing to carve out a successful niche within this competitive landscape.
8. Advanced technology integration
The prospective success of a “new chevelle 2025” hinges significantly on its degree of “Advanced technology integration”. This integration is not merely a feature addition but a fundamental component that dictates performance, safety, user experience, and overall market competitiveness. A vehicle lacking modern technological sophistication would be perceived as outdated and undesirable, regardless of its heritage. For instance, the inclusion of advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS), such as adaptive cruise control and lane-keeping assist, would contribute significantly to safety and convenience, directly impacting consumer appeal. The absence of such features would place the vehicle at a disadvantage compared to competitors.
Furthermore, the powertrain options themselves are directly influenced by technological advancements. The integration of hybrid or fully electric powertrains necessitates advanced battery technology, motor control systems, and energy management software. A “new chevelle 2025” that neglects these advancements would be unable to meet increasingly stringent emissions regulations or compete effectively in a market trending toward electrification. The incorporation of a sophisticated infotainment system, including seamless smartphone integration, over-the-air software updates, and cloud-based services, enhances the user experience and keeps the vehicle relevant over its lifespan. Examples of such systems include Tesla’s infotainment platform and BMW’s iDrive, both of which have set benchmarks for user-friendliness and functionality.
In conclusion, “Advanced technology integration” is not a superficial attribute but an essential pillar upon which the viability of a “new chevelle 2025” rests. The effective implementation of ADAS, advanced powertrain technologies, and sophisticated infotainment systems are crucial for meeting consumer expectations, complying with regulations, and maintaining competitiveness in the rapidly evolving automotive market. Challenges remain in balancing technological innovation with affordability and maintaining the core essence of the Chevelle brand, but a failure to embrace advanced technology would be detrimental to the vehicle’s long-term success.
9. Impact on muscle car market
The potential introduction of a “new chevelle 2025” carries significant implications for the existing muscle car market. Its arrival could reshape consumer preferences, intensify competition, and influence the future direction of this iconic automotive segment.
-
Revitalization of a Classic Nameplate
The resurgence of a historically significant model could inject renewed interest and excitement into the muscle car market. The Chevelle nameplate evokes a sense of nostalgia and heritage among automotive enthusiasts. A successful revival would attract both traditional muscle car buyers and potentially a new generation of consumers, expanding the market’s reach. This influx of interest could stimulate demand for similar vehicles, benefiting the entire segment.
-
Increased Competitive Pressure
The entry of a “new chevelle 2025” would intensify competition among existing manufacturers. Ford, Dodge, and other automakers would need to respond with enhanced models, innovative features, and competitive pricing strategies to maintain their market share. This increased competition could lead to advancements in performance, technology, and overall vehicle quality, ultimately benefiting consumers. The pressure to innovate would drive further development and refinement within the muscle car segment.
-
Shift in Design and Technology Trends
The design and technological features of a “new chevelle 2025” could influence the direction of future muscle car development. A successful integration of modern technology, such as hybrid or electric powertrains, could encourage other manufacturers to adopt similar innovations. Furthermore, the vehicle’s styling and design cues could set a new benchmark for muscle car aesthetics, influencing the overall design language of the segment. A forward-thinking approach to design and technology could redefine the expectations of muscle car buyers.
-
Potential Cannibalization of Existing Models
The introduction of a “new chevelle 2025” could potentially cannibalize sales from existing Chevrolet models or other vehicles within General Motors’ portfolio. Careful market research and product differentiation would be necessary to minimize this risk. The “new chevelle” must offer a unique value proposition that distinguishes it from other GM vehicles, preventing internal competition from undermining overall sales performance. Strategic pricing and feature sets can mitigate the risk of cannibalization.
The ultimate “Impact on muscle car market” will depend on various factors, including the vehicle’s design, performance, pricing, and marketing strategy. A successful “new chevelle 2025” has the potential to revitalize the segment, stimulate competition, and influence the future direction of muscle car development. However, careful planning and execution are crucial to avoid cannibalizing existing models and maximizing the vehicle’s overall market impact.
Frequently Asked Questions
The following questions address common inquiries and speculative discussions concerning the hypothetical release of a “new chevelle 2025.” The answers aim to provide informative and objective perspectives.
Question 1: Is a “new chevelle 2025” officially confirmed by General Motors?
Currently, General Motors has made no official announcements regarding a “new chevelle” for the 2025 model year or any subsequent year. All information remains speculative and based on industry rumors, rendering it uncertain.
Question 2: What potential engine options might a “new chevelle 2025” offer?
Given the current automotive landscape, several powertrain options are plausible. These include traditional internal combustion engines (ICE) potentially enhanced with turbocharging, hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) systems for improved efficiency, plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) configurations for extended electric range, and possibly a fully battery electric vehicle (BEV) powertrain, contingent upon advancements in battery technology. The optimal choice hinges on balancing performance, efficiency, and regulatory compliance.
Question 3: What design elements from classic Chevelle models could be incorporated?
Potential design cues include the long hood/short deck profile characteristic of muscle cars, a split grille design, a distinctive rear taillight configuration, and interior elements such as a driver-focused cockpit and bucket seats. However, any retro design elements would necessitate a modern interpretation to align with current aesthetic preferences.
Question 4: What would be the primary target market for a “new chevelle 2025”?
The target market could encompass nostalgic enthusiasts with an appreciation for the Chevelle’s heritage, performance-oriented drivers seeking high-performance capabilities, younger car enthusiasts drawn to modern technology and styling, and everyday drivers seeking a stylish and versatile vehicle. The selection of the target market is crucial for shaping the vehicle’s design, features, and marketing strategy.
Question 5: How would a “new chevelle 2025” impact the existing muscle car market?
A successful launch could revitalize the muscle car market by attracting new consumers and intensifying competition. This, in turn, may lead to advancements in performance, technology, and design across the segment. However, it could also potentially cannibalize sales from existing models within General Motors’ portfolio.
Question 6: What role would advanced technology play in a “new chevelle 2025”?
Advanced technology integration is paramount for competitiveness. Expected features include advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS), a sophisticated infotainment system with smartphone integration, over-the-air software update capabilities, and potentially advanced powertrain technologies such as hybrid or fully electric systems. The degree of technological sophistication will significantly influence the vehicle’s appeal and long-term viability.
The potential revival of the Chevelle nameplate generates considerable interest. However, it’s important to distinguish between speculation and official confirmation. The automotive landscape is dynamic, and future developments may alter the plausibility of such a vehicle.
Subsequent sections will explore potential scenarios and implications further, contingent upon future announcements from General Motors.
Navigating Speculation Surrounding a Potential “New Chevelle 2025”
The automotive landscape is rife with speculation, and the potential re-emergence of the Chevelle nameplate is no exception. Approaching the available information with a discerning perspective is paramount. The following guidelines serve as navigational tools for processing rumors and assessing the feasibility of a “new chevelle 2025.”
Tip 1: Prioritize Official Sources: Reliance on official pronouncements from General Motors is critical. Unconfirmed reports, social media discussions, and unofficial renderings should be treated as speculative until verified by GM. A formal announcement is the definitive indicator of intent.
Tip 2: Contextualize Market Trends: Assess the viability of a “new chevelle” within the broader context of the automotive market. Examine current trends in electric vehicle adoption, regulatory pressures on emissions, and consumer preferences for performance vehicles. A realistic assessment considers these market forces.
Tip 3: Analyze Competitive Landscape: Evaluate the potential competitive positioning of a “new chevelle” against existing models. Identify potential rivals such as the Ford Mustang and Dodge Challenger, and analyze their strengths and weaknesses. A successful vehicle must offer a differentiated value proposition.
Tip 4: Scrutinize Technical Feasibility: Assess the plausibility of purported technical specifications, such as engine options and performance metrics. Consider the feasibility of integrating advanced technologies, such as hybrid or electric powertrains, within the projected timeframe. A critical evaluation of technical claims is essential.
Tip 5: Temper Expectations: Maintaining realistic expectations is vital when dealing with unconfirmed information. Avoid placing undue weight on speculative reports or idealized renderings. A measured approach prevents disappointment if the vehicle fails to materialize or deviates from expectations.
Tip 6: Evaluate Source Credibility: Determine the reliability and track record of sources disseminating information. Established automotive publications and industry analysts are generally more credible than unverified online forums or social media accounts. A source’s history impacts its trustworthiness.
Tip 7: Consider the Business Rationale: Analyze the potential business rationale behind reviving the Chevelle nameplate. Evaluate potential benefits such as brand revitalization and market expansion, as well as potential risks such as cannibalization of existing models. A sound business strategy is a prerequisite for success.
Tip 8: Monitor Intellectual Property Activity: Observe any activity related to trademarks, patents, or design registrations associated with the Chevelle name. Such activity could provide indirect evidence of General Motors’ intentions, but it does not guarantee a forthcoming vehicle.
By adhering to these guidelines, a more informed and objective perspective on the potential for a “new chevelle 2025” can be achieved. The proliferation of unverified information necessitates a discerning approach, grounded in critical analysis and reliance on credible sources.
The subsequent conclusion will summarize the key takeaways and offer a final assessment of the likelihood of a “new chevelle” re-emerging in the near future.
New Chevelle 2025
This exploration has analyzed the potential return of the Chevelle nameplate for the 2025 model year. The analysis encompassed design considerations, powertrain possibilities ranging from internal combustion engines to full electrification, target market segments, competitive landscapes, pricing strategies, and the prospective impact on the muscle car market. While the prospect generates considerable interest and speculation, it remains unconfirmed by official sources. The viability hinges upon a confluence of factors, including market trends, technological advancements, regulatory compliance, and General Motors’ strategic priorities. The information presented herein is intended for informational purposes only and should not be interpreted as a definitive prediction.
Whether the “new chevelle 2025” materializes remains to be seen. The automotive industry is constantly evolving, and the future of the Chevelle nameplate lies in the strategic decisions of General Motors. Continued monitoring of official announcements and industry developments will provide further clarity. The automotive community anticipates any developments regarding the potential return of this iconic model.
